The Isfendyarid principality became a district of Anatolia Eyalet. In 1461, Mehmed II expelled the last of the Isfendyarid dynasty from Sinop, awarding him lands thus taxation authority near Bursa in exchange for his hereditary territory. In 1395, Bayezid I executed the last Shishmanid Tsar of Bulgaria, and annexed his realm to Rumelia Eyalet. This became the seat of government of Bayezid's youngest son, Mehmed I, and was to remain a residence of princely governors until the 16th century. With the eastward expansion of Bayezid's realms in the 1390s, a third eyalet, Rûm Eyalet, came into existence, with Amasya its chief town. Murad I instituted the great division of the sultanate into two beylerbeyiliks of Rumelia and Anatolia, in circa 1365. The term 'eyalet' began to be applied to the largest administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire instead of beglerbegilik from the 1590s onward, and it continued to be used until 1867. In European sources, the word "pashalic" generally referred to the eyalets.
Pashaluk or Pashalik ( Turkish: paşalık) is the abstract word derived from pasha, denoting the quality, office or jurisdiction of a pasha or the territory administered by him. Depending on the rank of the governor, they were also sometimes known as pashaliks (governed by a pasha), beylerbeyliks (governed by a bey or beylerbey), and kapudanliks (governed by a kapudan). The term eyalet is sometimes translated province or governorate. Īt official functions, the order of precedence was Egypt, Baghdad, Abyssinia, Buda, Anatolia, "Mera'ish", and the Kapudan Pasha in Asia and Buda, Egypt, Abyssinia, Baghdad, and Rumelia in Europe, with the remainder arranged according to the chronological order of their conquest. The pasha was invested with powers of absolute government within his province, being the chief of both the military and financial departments, as well as police and criminal justice. These provinces were usually called pashaliks by Europeans. The eyalets were subdivided into districts called livas or sanjaks, each of which was under the charge of a pasha of one tail, with the title of mira-lira, or sanjak-bey. Between 18, these eyalets were abolished, and the territory was divided for administrative purposes into vilayets (provinces). The grand vizier was responsible for nominating all the high officers of State, both in the capital and the states.
The empire was at first divided into states called eyalets, presided over by a beylerbey ( title equivalent to duke in Turkish) of three tails (feathers borne on a state officer's ceremonial staff). Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, pronounced, English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.įrom 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government was loosely structured.
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